IGAD CENTER FOR PASTORAL AREAS AND LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT (ICPALD)
Terms of Reference (TOR)
Consultancy to Document Cross-border transhumant livestock and people movements in IGAD Member states (Kaabong in Uganda / Kapoeta South in South Sudan and Benishangul-Gumuz in Ethiopia Regions)

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1. Background

Cross-border areas in the IGAD region are highly vulnerable to climate risks and are facing multiple challenges including conflict, instability, and violence, among others. The resilience of the ecosystem from which people largely generate their livelihoods is at the core of sustainable development for cross-border areas. Livestock mobility remains the prime strategy employed by pastoralists and agro pastoralists in cross border areas of Kaabong in Uganda / Kapoeta South in South Sudan and Benishangul-Gumuz to cope with the seasonality and changing distribution of these resources. Pastoralist groups in these crossborder areas have traditionally relied on interdependent relationships and the symbiotic sharing of knowledge and resources. The neighboring pastoral communities share the limited resources domiciled in the cross border areas during the dry season areas. Once it rains communities retrieve to their directions of origin. The preexisting routes are well versed and understood by the pastoral communities, local actors, local administrations and service providers.

Although the transhumant pastoralists  from these crossborder areas have been moving across this borders considering the number of shared transboundary natural resources in the region, there is Threats posed by climate variability, restriction on cross-border transhumance, conflicts and defective tenure policies on the sustainability of pastoral livelihood system which has led to IGAD Member states has developed a regional ‘Protocol on Transhumance’, signed by four IGAD Member states including Ethiopia, South Sudan, Sudan and Djibouti to recognize and regularize pastoral mobility as an adaptation mechanism in the horn of Africa.

IGAD is therefore seeking the services of a qualified consultant to document cross-border transhumant livestock and people movements in IGAD Member states of Kaabong in Uganda / Kapoeta South in South Sudan and Benishangul-Gumuz in Ethiopia Regions while working in close collaboration with staff to build internal capacity of undertaking similar assignments in future.

2. Objective of the Assignment

The consultant will be required to quantify and document Cross-border transhumant livestock and people movements in IGAD Member states of Kaabong in Uganda / Kapoeta South in South Sudan and Benishangul-Gumuz in Ethiopia Regions.

      Specific objective

1. Document estimated number, nature and extent of Transhumance activities (human and livestock) along Kaabong in Uganda / Kapoeta South in South Sudan and Benishangul-Gumuz in Ethiopia region. The analysis also qualitatively describes trend and root causes of annual/seasonal change in number of livestock and people involved in transhumance
2. Describe and spatially depict the Migratory transhumance stock routes for accessing resource by communities from of Kaabong in Uganda / Kapoeta South in South Sudan and Benishangul-Gumuz in Ethiopia,
3. Describe major cross-border rangelands and water points commonly accessed during transhumance seasons
4. Asses existing institution arrangements both formal and traditional in these cross-border areas and describe the past and current enforcement status of these informal/formal institutions
5. Asses both formal and traditional response mechanisms of host communities to transhumance within those areas.
6. Document policy, regulation and implementation of challenges and gaps on transhumance mobility
7. Develop and suggest appropriate recommendations to inform ICPALD’s response to support cohesive pastoral mobility.

3. Scope and focus of assignment

The assessment will be conducted in the IGAD Member States’ crossborder areas of Kaabong in Uganda / Kapoeta South in South Sudan and Benishangul-Gumuz in Ethiopia Regions. The assessment will focus on the following:

1. Document existing relevant laws, institutions, bilateral cross border agreements and arrangements between those cross border areas (National, sub-national, local and inter-community)
2. Explore the cross-border pastoral migration (including estimating number of people and livestock) and dynamics and drivers of dynamics and their impact on the security and stability of these communities (host and guest)
3. Describe and spatially depict the major migratory transhumance stock routes for accessing resource by communities from of Kaabong in Uganda / Kapoeta South in South Sudan and Benishangul-Gumuz in Ethiopia (including season of mobility and direction)
4. Identify and spatially depict key cross-border resources (Rangelands and water) used by transhumant pastoralist including other social services such as market, health facility, etc
5. Identify challenges and gaps in facilitating cross-border transhumance mobility
6. Develop recommendations on policy change, laws and institutions, and guidelines for best practices towards an effective cross border Transhumance mobility

4. Methodology and Approach

The consultant is required to outline the indicative approach and methodology that shall be followed, provide a clear and elaborate outline of the approach in response to the TORs. The approach should include, among others, the following:

1. A desk study review to identify laws, policies and institutional frameworks
2. Visits to the study area for data collection from key national, sub-national and local institutions and cross border communities, including key informants

• Use suitable statistical technique to model number of people and livestock involved in transhumance including year/annual variability and cause of variability

1. Collation and analysis of collected information and data
2. Submission of draft and final reports
3. Expected Deliverable
4. An Inception Report: This will be submitted to ICPALD one week after commencement of the assignment (signing of the contract). The report shall contain the approach and methodology that the consultants will apply in the execution of the assignment and a detailed work plan specifying key tasks to be performed and processes covering the duration of the assignment Design data collection and assessment methodology/tools
5. Undertake desk review of relevant documents and primarily data collection from field
6. Draft report detailing the process and methods, major findings and report outline
7. A final Consultancy Report.
8. Duration of the Assignment

The duration for the consultancy is 40 days staggered for 3 months.

Description of Tasks  as per the TOR	Days
Inception report containing interpretation of the methodology, tools and study approaches and Design data collection and methodology/tools.	5
Field Visits to the study area for data collection from key national institutions and cross border communities (Kaabong in Uganda / Kapoeta South in South Sudan and Benishangul-Gumuz in Ethiopia Regions)	18
Data analysis and report writing  including incorporating comments	17

Payment Schedule:

Output/activity completed	Payment in percent of the contract amount
Signing of contract and approval of inception report approved	10%
Completing of data collection, analysis  and first draft report feedback	40%
Final Consultancy  report approved	50%

7. Qualification and Experience

• Master’s degree in relevant field including social development, economics, Agriculture, Natural resources development studies.
• 10 years of work experience in rural development and out of which 5 years relevant to the current assignment
• In-depth knowledge of the socio-cultural, economic and political context of IGAD Region and pastoralism
• Demonstrated experience in field data collection and policy review
• Excellent organizational and communication skills, ability to prioritize and work with minimum supervision
• Excellent working knowledge of English and writing skills in knowledge
• Knowledge and experience of gender sensitive approaches
• Excellent Report writing skills

8. Selection Criteria

The selection criteria are academic qualification, work experiences (as described above), good track record in delivering similar assignments, the experience of working in the IGAD region and familiarity with IGAD Member State and borders.

9. Reporting Requirement

The Consultant will work under direct supervision of the transhumance expert and overall supervision of the ICPALD Director.

10. Insurance Cover and Taxes

The consultant will be responsible for his/her own medical and life insurance covers and remitting his/her own taxes for the duration of the assignment.

11. How to Apply

Qualified candidates/firm to submit their application to  beverlyne.nyanchera@igad.int; and bearing the subject line. Applicants should submit their applications accompanied by detailed CVs, copies of both academic and professional certificates, statement of interest and proof of ability to undertake this assignment and a budget. Application must be submitted before 21^st September 2023.

Download attached ToR document in PDF below.
Transhumance routes ToR