25 April 2019, Entebbe, Uganda: IGAD Security Sector Program (IGAD SSP), with support from the European Union Trust Fund (EUTF) through the Austrian Development Agency (ADA) under the IPPSHAR program, concluded the three days training program on the roles of women in counter terrorism for all IGAD Member States, held from 22-24 April 2019 in Entebbe, Uganda.
It is evident that women and girls constitute nearly half of the population of the IGAD region. Despite the demographic significance, their inclusion in the processes of counter radicalization and counterterrorism has been limited. On the other hand, women and girls are the main victims of violent conflicts, and are disproportionately affected by acts of terrorism. Studies show that women could play a crucial role in spotting radicalization in its early stages, and preventing terrorism through delegitimizing extremism narratives. They could also assist security actors to make counter terrorism program design and implementation more effective. This is not to ignore, however, that they can also be mobilizers and recruiters to terrorist groups, play support roles and perpetuate terrorist acts.
It is within this context that this training workshop was organized. The purpose of the training was to bring a wider and deeper understanding of gender perspectives in terrorism and inform participants on the basic concepts, good practices, opportunities/challenges, international legal instruments that require/encourage women inclusivity in counter terrorism. It was, in the end, intended to support Member States in developing mechanisms where in women could play their share in the fight against terrorism.
38 representatives from all IGAD Member States, out of which 35 were women, participated in the training. The participants were drawn from relevant institutions such as the Police, Judiciary, Parliament, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, CSOs, Ministry of Interior, National Counter Terrorism Centers, and Ministry of women and human rights.
Regional experts who have extensive work experience shared their experiences and facilitated the training through interactive discussions, case studies, and group work to achieve the intended objective. For instance, Ms. Fauziya Abdi Ali, founder and president of Women in International Security (WIIS) of (HoA), and Martine Zeuthen, a Senior Research Fellow at RUSI, based in Nairobi, shared their expertise and filed experience focusing on roles of women in terrorism in our region and beyond, among others. IGAD Gender Offices have also made valuable contributions on this training.
During the three-days training, the following topics were covered, that was believed to have contributed to enhancing the knowledge of the participants.
- Basic concepts on women, conflict, peace and security
- IGAD’s perspective on gender mainstreaming vis-à-vis women, conflict and peace
- International/continental legal instruments on roles of women in conflict and peace with emphasis on counter terrorism
- Women in Al-Shabaab – recruitment, roles, and rehabilitation efforts
- Case studies on roles of women in addressing and countering terrorism
- Challenges, opportunities, and good practices in roles of women in countering terrorism.
Participants appreciated the content and methodology of the training by emphasizing on the knowledge they have acquired as well as the networking opportunities they have established that is believed to enhance their capacity in handling their respective areas of work. They have further expressed the importance of women’s inclusivity in any counter terrorism approaches as women are found to be key players as both being a victim and a perpetrator that necessities making them part of the solution.
ஜஜ۩END۩ஜஜ
You’ve made a complex topic simple. Experience wontumi tv live streaming — Ghanaian TV with sports and news. works great on mobile and desktop. news bulletins, studio discussions, program schedule. works great on mobile and desktop.
anabolic steroids prices
References:
rhapsodyofrealities.abilliontestimoniesandmore.org
Similarly, it was later described that males born with 5α-reductase (the enzyme liable for conversion of
testosterone into DHT) deficiency by no means developed male-pattern hair loss either (73).
Pharmaceutical treatment of male-pattern hair loss exploits this observation via inhibition of 5α-reductase
type 2 with finasteride (74). Men over forty
years of age with baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of greater
than 0.6 ng/mL should have their PSA levels measured and a prostate examination at 3 to six months.
Treatment must be withheld in men with a palpable prostate nodule or prostate-specific antigen of
more than four ng/mL and in patients at high threat of prostate malignancy with prostate-specific antigen of greater than three ng/mL.
The main outcome measures included changes in sperm parameters, predominantly sperm concentration, and subsequent pregnancy outcomes.
Only lately, protocols have been developed to information health screening exams (van de Ven et al., 2020), hurt reduction strategies (Eu et al., 2023), and pharmacological interventions to revive fertility (Rizzuti et al., 2023).
A latest task drive from numerous Australian institutions has released a abstract of potential exams that must be thought of according to the
sample and timing of the AAS cycle. For instance, neuroendocrine blood evaluation (i.e., testosterone,
LH, FSH, SHBG, IGF-1, TSH, and PSA) is extra helpful around 3 months after AAS use cessation, when hormone levels
could probably be considerably altered (van de Ven et al.,
2020).
Sports-related spinal cord accidents (SCIs) are uncommon outcomes of bodily activity, though their
fee is remarkably greater in some sorts of sports activities, corresponding to rugby, diving and horseback driving [92].
The incidence of SCIs has dramatically decreased in the final decades; however, the devastating impact on the concerned athletes’ high quality
of life has usually rekindled media attention in these
regards. Spinal trauma could end in totally different
clinical syndromes based on the situation of the lesion and on subsequent
secondary occasions, similar to hemorrhage and edema [93].
SCIs most regularly happen in young, male athletes as compared to feminine
athletes [94] and impair the power to acquire erection and to achieve ejaculation. Parasympathetic fibers originating from S2-S4 and getting into
the corpora cavernosa are needed for erectile perform; sufferers with
SCIs often lose psychogenic erections however might keep reflexogenic
erections, though this rarely allows for intercourse [94].
Once steroids are stopped, the body begins to get again on monitor
to producing its own hormones once more, however this restoration can take a while.
First, a lot of the included studies have been observational,
which makes it challenging to determine causation definitively.
The AAS use was unregulated and unsupervised AAS use and subjects in some studies resorted to polypharmacy.
If you’re taking steroids to enhance your strength and muscle mass, it is critical for you to be aware of the well being risks you are taking – both quick time period and long term.
There are some reliable medical makes use of for anabolic steroids, together with the treatment of anemia and to reverse protein loss in patients who have prolonged immobilization following extreme sickness, trauma, or surgery.
Anabolic steroids are additionally used for urge for food
stimulation and upkeep of muscle mass in sufferers with illnesses corresponding to cancer and AIDS.
A recent systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that long-term AASs use
ends in extended hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in each sexes.
In nearly all studies included in the meta-analysis, there were decreased serum LH and FSH ranges during AASs use [40].
AASs suppress gonadotropin launch from the pituitary
gland by a unfavorable suggestions mechanism,
both directly on the pituitary gland or indirectly by suppressing the hypothalamic GnRH release.
This results in a down-regulation of both gonadotropins and a decreased secretion of endogenous steroids [36–40].
The relationship between anabolic steroid use and the danger of
delivery defects is a topic of concern and ongoing analysis.
While the impression of those substances on male fertility
has been extra extensively studied, their potential to trigger start
defects when used by men planning to father youngsters warrants cautious consideration. Natural options such as a
balanced diet, train, and stress administration can further aid in restoration from male infertility points.
It’s thought that certain dietary supplements,
together with zinc and vitamin E, can improve
sperm parameters. The good news is that fertility is normally recoverable with the cessation of anabolic steroid use, alongside remedy from a reproductive
specialist. These therapies vary from hormonal
treatments and antioxidants to way of life modifications similar to a food regimen rich in vegetables
and fruits and regular physical activity to improve sperm parameters.
When the natural recovery is taking too much time, fertility remedies corresponding to HCG injections may be very productive.
Athletes and bodybuilders typically abuse anabolic
steroids to boost their efficiency or change their bodily appearance.
Nevertheless, some authors don’t exclude the chance that hyperandrogenism may be
induced by an intensive training began before puberty
and that hyperandrogenism could, in long term, result in a PCOS-like syndrome [63, 70].
In fact, hyperandrogenism could characterize an adaptive response of the organism geared toward counteracting
the catabolic state induced by an intensive training with adverse vitality balance.
The latter speculation might be not directly supported by the experimental proof that female rats with PCOS induced by prenatal androgen exposure, present reduced voluntary
operating. In truth, regular mice voluntarily ran several kilometers per day, whereas mice with
PCOS ran approximately one-third much less distance [77].
The mechanisms underlying reduced operating doesn’t appear to
be related to decreased train capability however is extra probably
as a result of decreased reward from working.
Thus, women with PCOS could additionally be “lazier” and less inclined to
undertake sports activities activities at excessive ranges, but this hypothesis requires further investigations.
Patients on testosterone ought to be monitored for
his or her response How to Achieve Real Fat Loss
remedy and opposed results 3 to 6 months after initiation of remedy after which yearly, particularly for cardiac antagonistic occasions.
Girls handled with testosterone for breast cancer require monitoring for
indicators of virilization. Nonetheless, AAS have been more
and more abused for their anabolic-androgenic properties contributing to muscle growth,
fats loss, and masculinization, particularly
in Europe and the Americas(5). Globally, lifetime prevalence of AAS abuse (ASA) has been estimated at 6.4% for males and 1.6%
for women(6). ASA is most commonly found in male weightlifters
age 20-39, fighters, and security personnel, who utilize the artificial derivatives to enhance their bodily efficiency and appearance(7).